Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: An astute observer of life

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, France 1864-1901 / Tete de fille (Head of a girl) (detail) 1892 / Oil on canvas / 27.3 x 23cm (oval) / Purchased 1959 with funds donated by Major Harold de Vahl Rubin / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, France 1864-1901 / Tete de fille (Head of a girl) (detail) 1892 / Oil on canvas / 27.3 x 23cm (oval) / Purchased 1959 with funds donated by Major Harold de Vahl Rubin / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / View full image

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864-1901) moved to Montmartre, Paris in 1882 and was instantly drawn to the city’s demi-monde — famous for its cabarets where people would go to enjoy music, dance, and shows; the cafes and circuses; the racetrack; a place for escape, pleasure, entertainment, and sexual freedom. Montmartre became a part of Paris in 1860, it was an area populated by artists who mostly could not afford the rents of Quartier Latin, but also attracted writers, poets, and performers. Toulouse-Lautrec found his subjects in the fleeting crowds and urban spectacle with the opening of the Moulin Rouge in 1889.

Montmartre c.1890

Montmartre, Impasse Girardon, Paris, c.1890

Montmartre, Impasse Girardon, Paris, c.1890 / View full image

Moulin Rouge, Montmartre, Paris, c.1890

Moulin Rouge, Montmartre, Paris, c.1890 / View full image

Montmartre, Paris, c.1890

Montmartre, Paris, c.1890 / View full image

Already passionately fond of drawing, Toulouse-Lautrec was an astute observer of life and a talented drafter. His career coincided with the emergence of modern printmaking and poster production, as well as the emergence of Parisian nightlife and entertainment when the young provincial aristocrat launched himself into the bohemian world of Montmartre.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ‘Tete de fille (Head of a girl)’ 1892

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, France 1864-1901 / Tete de fille (Head of a girl) 1892 / Oil on canvas / 27.3 x 23cm (oval) / Purchased 1959 with funds donated by Major Harold de Vahl Rubin / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, France 1864-1901 / Tete de fille (Head of a girl) 1892 / Oil on canvas / 27.3 x 23cm (oval) / Purchased 1959 with funds donated by Major Harold de Vahl Rubin / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / View full image

In a brief and brilliant career of just over a decade, he produced some of the best-known images of Paris and its nightlife in the form of lithographic posters and prints, inspired by the formal elements of traditional Japanese print-making: flat colour surfaces; asymmetrical, cropped compositions; and pronounced outlines.

Working en plein air in the manner of the Impressionists, the artist was drawn to the people on the fringes of so-called respectable society. Toulouse-Lautrec rejected the conventional cliché of fallen women, he frequented the brothels and clubs, befriended the women who worked there, and produced a sensitive and profoundly human portrait of their world in a series of lithographs known as ‘Elles’. This oval portrait Tete de fille (Head of a girl) 1892 (illustrated) is one of fifteen the artist made of women who worked at a brothel on the Rue Amboise.

Prostitution was a way of life in the ninetheenth century and like Toulouse-Lautrec, the theme was utilised by a number of artists including Edgar Degas (19 July 1834–1917). Toulouse-Lautrec regularly took up residence in brothels, he commented: ‘Brothel. Well, what of it? Nowhere else do I feel more at home…’.

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